Causes of Black Gums, Solutions & Prevention
While the color of a patient’s gums can vary, healthy gums are typically some variation of pink. When a patient has dark gums or the color of their gums changes, it can be caused by various issues such as certain medications, medical conditions, smoking habits, and other factors. The gum tissue surrounds the teeth and secures them in place. The color of gums can vary and be pink, red, brown, or even black. In order to maintain healthy teeth and gums, it is critical for patients to practice good oral hygiene. If the color of the gums change unexpectedly, it can be a sign of a health issue. Patients with concerns over their gums should follow up with their dentist right away for an examination.
Below is a summary of common causes for dark gums.
Melanin
Normal gum color can vary for patients. Melanin is naturally produced by the body and is the substance which gives the skin, hair, and eyes their natural color. When excess melanin is produced, it results in darker hair, skin, and eyes. In some cases, dark brown or black gums are simply caused by extra melanin in the body. Patients who have always had dark gums should not be concerned. However, if the color of the gums change, or if black patches appear, it can indicate there is a medical issue.
Medication
Certain medications can cause a change in pigmentation or discoloration, including the color of the gums. Patients who notice a change in the color of their gums after starting a medication should follow up with their healthcare provider to discuss if they may be able to take another medications or modify the dosage to reduce the side effects.
Tobacco
Using tobacco can result in dark and discolored gums. This condition is called smoker’s melanosis. There are special cells in the body called melanocytes which produce melanin. Nicotine found in tobacco can cause an excess production of melanin resulting in brown or black gums. The color change can affect the entire mouth or appear in patches. It is possible for the inside of the cheeks and lower lip to become discolored. When patients stop smoking, research has found that there is less discoloration, making the dark spots reversible.
Amalgam
It is possible for an amalgam tattoo to appear anywhere in the mouth, however it is most common next to a filling. It presents like a black, grey, or blue patch inside the mouth. Amalgam is a combination of metals and commonly used for crowns and fillings. When small particles of the material become dislodged, it can appear on the gums. Because amalgam tattoos are not a health concern, it does not typically require treatment.
The recommended treatment for dark or black gums depends on the cause of the issue. In cases of certain conditions or infections, the dentist will often prescribe a medication for treatment. When the dark gum color that is caused by smoking, it can often be reversed by stopping smoking. Dentists can also treat dark gums with a gum depigmentation procedure where a laser is used to lighten the gums.
Good oral hygiene is critical for healthy teeth and gums. This includes brushing the teeth at least twice each day, daily flossing, and regular visits to the dentist. Patients should also avoid consuming large amounts sugar.
Follow up with your dentist if you have any concerns regarding the color of your gums. The dentist can evaluate the teeth and gums to determine the cause and discuss treatment options.